Professor and cultural activist Ganesh N Devy apprehended that 12 crore Indians who come under the category of “de-notified tribes” may be deleted from the ongoing census that was a “fraud” on the country. He feared that India was moving inexorably towards a genocide. He wondered how many people were willing to go to jail after taking a moral position against the forces of authoritarianism so that future generations would not describe them as cowards. In his concluding remarks at the conclave, Prof Devy referred to the historical traditions of resistance in India associated with Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi and B. R. Ambedkar and said that the country had previously developed multiple forms of democratic resistance. He suggested that experiences of citizenship discrimination had earlier shaped anti-colonial and constitutional struggles, and the present moment required a similarly united response.